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      php学习笔记(3)-数组
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			<h2 class="toc-title"><span>Contents</span></h2>
		
			<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#数字索引数组"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数字索引数组</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#使用不同索引的数组"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用不同索引的数组</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#数组操作符"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">数组操作符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#多维数组"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">多维数组</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#排序"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">排序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#多维数组排序"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">多维数组排序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#bool_shuffle_(_array_&$array_)随机顺序"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">bool shuffle ( array &$array )随机顺序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#数组逆序"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">数组逆序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#按定界符分割字符串"><span class="toc-number">9.</span> <span class="toc-text">按定界符分割字符串</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#在数组中浏览：each()，current()，reset()，end()，next()，pos()和prev()"><span class="toc-number">10.</span> <span class="toc-text">在数组中浏览：each()，current()，reset()，end()，next()，pos()和prev()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#对数组的每一个元素应用任何函数：array_walk()"><span class="toc-number">11.</span> <span class="toc-text">对数组的每一个元素应用任何函数：array_walk()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#统计数组元素个数：count(),sizeof()和array_count_values()"><span class="toc-number">12.</span> <span class="toc-text">统计数组元素个数：count(),sizeof()和array_count_values()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#将数组转换成标量变量：extract()"><span class="toc-number">13.</span> <span class="toc-text">将数组转换成标量变量：extract()</span></a></li></ol>
		
		</div>
		
        <h2 id="数字索引数组">数字索引数组</h2><p>初始化<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable">$products</span> = <span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">'Tires'</span>, <span class="string">'Oil'</span>, <span class="string">'Spark Plugs'</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$numbers</span> = range(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">10</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$odd</span> = range(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$letters</span> = range(<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'z'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>访问<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="variable">$products</span>[<span class="number">0</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$products</span>[<span class="number">3</span>] = <span class="string">'Fuses'</span>;  <span class="comment">//添加新元素</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>使用循环访问<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="variable">$i</span> = <span class="number">0</span>; <span class="variable">$i</span> &lt; <span class="number">3</span>; <span class="variable">$i</span>++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="variable">$products</span>[<span class="variable">$i</span>] . <span class="string">" "</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">foreach</span>(<span class="variable">$products</span> <span class="keyword">as</span> <span class="variable">$current</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="variable">$current</span> . <span class="string">" "</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="使用不同索引的数组">使用不同索引的数组</h2><p>初始化关联数组<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable">$prices</span> = <span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">'Tires'</span>=&gt;<span class="number">100</span>, <span class="string">'Oil'</span>=&gt;<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="string">'Spark Plugs'</span>=&gt;<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>访问<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable">$prices</span> = <span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">'Tires'</span>=&gt;<span class="number">100</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$prices</span>[<span class="string">'Oil'</span>] = <span class="number">10</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$prices</span>[<span class="string">'Spark Plugs'</span>] = <span class="number">4</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//等效于</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$prices</span>[<span class="string">'Tires'</span>]= <span class="number">100</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$prices</span>[<span class="string">'Oil'</span>] = <span class="number">10</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$prices</span>[<span class="string">'Spark Plugs'</span>] = <span class="number">4</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>使用循环访问<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">foreach</span>(<span class="variable">$prices</span> <span class="keyword">as</span> <span class="variable">$key</span> =&gt; <span class="variable">$value</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="variable">$key</span> . <span class="string">'-'</span> . <span class="variable">$value</span> . <span class="string">'&lt;br&gt;'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span>(<span class="variable">$element</span> = each(<span class="variable">$prices</span>))&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="variable">$element</span>[<span class="string">'key'</span>];</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'-'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="variable">$element</span>[<span class="string">'value'</span>];</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'&lt;br&gt;'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">reset(<span class="variable">$prices</span>);  <span class="comment">//再次遍历的时候需要重置</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span>(<span class="keyword">list</span>(<span class="variable">$product</span>, <span class="variable">$price</span>) = each(<span class="variable">$prices</span>))&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"$product - $price&lt;br&gt;"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="数组操作符">数组操作符</h2><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable">$a</span> + <span class="variable">$b</span> 	联合 	<span class="variable">$a</span> 和 <span class="variable">$b</span> 的联合。</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$a</span> == <span class="variable">$b</span> 	相等 	如果 <span class="variable">$a</span> 和 <span class="variable">$b</span> 具有相同的键／值对则为 <span class="keyword">TRUE</span>。</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$a</span> === <span class="variable">$b</span> 	全等 	如果 <span class="variable">$a</span> 和 <span class="variable">$b</span> 具有相同的键／值对并且顺序和类型都相同则为 <span class="keyword">TRUE</span>。</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$a</span> != <span class="variable">$b</span> 	不等 	如果 <span class="variable">$a</span> 不等于 <span class="variable">$b</span> 则为 <span class="keyword">TRUE</span>。</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$a</span> &lt;&gt; <span class="variable">$b</span> 	不等 	如果 <span class="variable">$a</span> 不等于 <span class="variable">$b</span> 则为 <span class="keyword">TRUE</span>。</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$a</span> !== <span class="variable">$b</span> 	不全等 	如果 <span class="variable">$a</span> 不全等于 <span class="variable">$b</span> 则为 <span class="keyword">TRUE</span>。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="多维数组">多维数组</h2><p>初始化<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable">$products</span> = <span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">'TIR'</span>, <span class="string">'Tires'</span>, <span class="number">100</span>),</span><br><span class="line">				  <span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">'OIL'</span>, <span class="string">'Oil'</span>, <span class="number">10</span>),</span><br><span class="line">				  <span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">'SPK'</span>, <span class="string">'Spark Plugs'</span>, <span class="number">4</span>),</span><br><span class="line">				);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>访问<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="variable">$row</span> = <span class="number">0</span> ; <span class="variable">$row</span> &lt; <span class="number">3</span>; <span class="variable">$row</span>++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="variable">$column</span> = <span class="number">0</span>; <span class="variable">$column</span> &lt; <span class="number">3</span>; <span class="variable">$column</span>++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'|'</span> . <span class="variable">$products</span>[<span class="variable">$row</span>][<span class="variable">$column</span>];</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'|&lt;br&gt;'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>初始化<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable">$products</span> = <span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">'Code'</span>=&gt;<span class="string">'TIR'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">						<span class="string">'Description'</span>=&gt;<span class="string">'Tires'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">						<span class="string">'PRice'</span>=&gt;<span class="number">100</span></span><br><span class="line">						),</span><br><span class="line">				  <span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">'Code'</span>=&gt;<span class="string">'OIL'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">						<span class="string">'Description'</span>=&gt;<span class="string">'Oil'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">						<span class="string">'PRice'</span>=&gt;<span class="number">10</span></span><br><span class="line">						),</span><br><span class="line">				  <span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">'Code'</span>=&gt;<span class="string">'SPK'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">						<span class="string">'Description'</span>=&gt;<span class="string">'Spark Plugs'</span>,</span><br><span class="line">						<span class="string">'PRice'</span>=&gt;<span class="number">4</span></span><br><span class="line">						)</span><br><span class="line">				);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>访问<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="variable">$row</span>=<span class="number">0</span>; <span class="variable">$row</span>&lt;<span class="number">3</span>;<span class="variable">$row</span>++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'|'</span> . <span class="variable">$products</span>[<span class="variable">$rom</span>][<span class="string">'Code'</span>] . <span class="string">'|'</span> . <span class="variable">$products</span>[<span class="variable">$row</span>][<span class="string">'Description'</span>] . <span class="string">'|'</span> . <span class="variable">$products</span>[<span class="variable">$row</span>][<span class="string">'Price'</span>] . <span class="string">'&lt;br&gt;'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="variable">$row</span>=<span class="number">0</span>; <span class="variable">$row</span> &lt; <span class="number">3</span>; <span class="variable">$row</span>++)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="keyword">list</span>(<span class="variable">$key</span>,<span class="variable">$value</span>) = each(<span class="variable">$products</span>[<span class="variable">$row</span>]))&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"|$value"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">'|&lt;br&gt;'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="排序">排序</h2><ul>
<li>sort  <figure class="highlight smali"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">bool sort<span class="function"> (</span><span class="instruction"> array </span>&amp;$array <span class="keyword">[</span>,<span class="instruction"> int </span>$sort_flags = SORT_REGULAR ] <span class="function">)</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
  按字母, 数字升序排序<br>  可选的第二个参数 sort_flags 可以用以下值改变排序的行为：<br>  排序类型标记：<br>  SORT_REGULAR - 正常比较单元（不改变类型）<br>  SORT_NUMERIC - 单元被作为数字来比较<br>  SORT_STRING - 单元被作为字符串来比较<br>  SORT_LOCALE_STRING - 根据当前的区域（locale）设置来把单元当作字符串比较，可以用 setlocale() 来改变。<br>  SORT_NATURAL - 和 natsort() 类似对每个单元以“自然的顺序”对字符串进行排序。 PHP 5.4.0 中新增的。<br>  SORT_FLAG_CASE - 能够与 SORT_STRING 或 SORT_NATURAL 合并（OR 位运算），不区分大小写排序字符串。  </li>
<li>asort按每个元素值进行排序 ksort按键进行排序</li>
<li>反向排序 rsort arsort krsort</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="多维数组排序">多维数组排序</h2><p>按第二列（说明）字母进行排序<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">compare</span><span class="params">(<span class="variable">$x</span>,<span class="variable">$y</span>)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="variable">$x</span>[<span class="number">1</span>]==<span class="variable">$y</span>[<span class="number">1</span>])&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="variable">$x</span>[<span class="number">1</span>] &lt; <span class="variable">$y</span>[<span class="number">1</span>])&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> -<span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">usort(<span class="variable">$products</span>,<span class="string">'compare'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>按第三列（价格）字母进行排序<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">compare</span><span class="params">(<span class="variable">$x</span>,<span class="variable">$y</span>)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="variable">$x</span>[<span class="number">2</span>]==<span class="variable">$y</span>[<span class="number">2</span>])&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="variable">$x</span>[<span class="number">2</span>] &lt; <span class="variable">$y</span>[<span class="number">2</span>])&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> -<span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;j</span><br><span class="line">usort(<span class="variable">$products</span>,<span class="string">'compare'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>usort()中的”u”代表”user”，因为这个函数要求传入用户自定义函数。asort、ksort有对应的uasort和uksort<br>反向排序<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">reverse_compare</span><span class="params">(<span class="variable">$x</span>,<span class="variable">$y</span>)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="variable">$x</span>[<span class="number">2</span>]==<span class="variable">$y</span>[<span class="number">2</span>])&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="variable">$x</span>[<span class="number">2</span>] &lt; <span class="variable">$y</span>[<span class="number">2</span>])&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="keyword">return</span> -<span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">usort(<span class="variable">$products</span>,<span class="string">'reverse_compare'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="bool_shuffle_(_array_&amp;$array_)随机顺序">bool shuffle ( array &amp;$array )随机顺序</h2><h2 id="数组逆序">数组逆序</h2><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">array</span> array_reverse ( <span class="keyword">array</span> <span class="variable">$array</span> [, bool <span class="variable">$preserve_keys</span> = <span class="keyword">false</span> ] )</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$numbers</span> = range(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">10</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$numbers</span> = array_reverse(<span class="variable">$numbers</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$numbers</span> = range(<span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, -<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>array_push  将一个或多个单元压入数组的末尾<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">int array_push ( <span class="keyword">array</span> &amp;<span class="variable">$array</span> , mixed <span class="variable">$var</span> [, mixed $... ] )</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>array_pop 将数组最后一个单元弹出<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mixed array_pop ( <span class="keyword">array</span> &amp;<span class="variable">$array</span> )</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="按定界符分割字符串">按定界符分割字符串</h2><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">array</span> explode ( string <span class="variable">$delimiter</span> , string <span class="variable">$string</span> [, int <span class="variable">$limit</span> ] )</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>delimiter:边界上的分隔字符<br>string:输入的字符串<br>limit:<br>    如果设置了 limit 参数并且是正数，则返回的数组包含最多 limit 个元素，而最后那个元素将包含 string 的剩余部分。<br>    如果 limit 参数是负数，则返回除了最后的 -limit 个元素外的所有元素。<br>    如果 limit 是 0，则会被当做 1。  </p>
<h2 id="在数组中浏览：each()，current()，reset()，end()，next()，pos()和prev()">在数组中浏览：each()，current()，reset()，end()，next()，pos()和prev()</h2><p>each()间接的使用了数组的指针，其他的函数都是直接使用操作这个指针。<br>如果创建一个新数组，那么当前指针就被初始化，并指向第一个元素，调用current($array_name)将返回第一个元素。<br>调用each()和next()都会使指针前移。调用each($array_name)会在指针前移一个位置之前返回当前元素。next()函数则不用，它会将指针前移，然后再返回新的当前元素。<br>reset()函数将返回指向数组的第一个元素的指针（有时指针会移到数组中的某一个位置，我们想重置这个数组，就会使用这个函数）。调用end($array_name)可以将指针移到数据的末尾。reset()和end()将返回数组的第一个元素和最后一个元素。<br>prev()函数正好和next()相反。  </p>
<h2 id="对数组的每一个元素应用任何函数：array_walk()">对数组的每一个元素应用任何函数：array_walk()</h2><p>有时，会以相同的方式使用或者修改数组的每一个元素。那么array_walk就提供这样的操作。<br>array_walk()函数的原型如下：<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">bool array_walk(<span class="keyword">array</span> arr,string func,[mixed userdata]);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>第一个参数是arr，也就是需要处理的数组。<br>第二个参数是用户自定义函数，怎么处理这个数组中的每一个元素，就需要用户写自定义操作。<br>第三个参数是可选的，如果使用它，它可以作为一个参数传递给我们的自定义函数。<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable">$numbers</span> = range(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">10</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">my_print</span><span class="params">(<span class="variable">$value</span>)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="variable">$value</span>.<span class="string">'&lt;br /&gt;'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">array_walk(<span class="variable">$numbers</span>,<span class="string">'my_print'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>我们也可以对这个数组中的每一个元素进行修改等等之类的操作。如下：<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable">$numbers</span> = range(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">10</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">replace_number</span><span class="params">(&amp;<span class="variable">$value</span>,<span class="variable">$key</span>,<span class="variable">$userdata</span>)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable">$value</span> = <span class="variable">$value</span> * <span class="variable">$userdata</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">array_walk(<span class="variable">$numbers</span>,<span class="string">'replace_number'</span>,<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">foreach</span>(<span class="variable">$numbers</span> <span class="keyword">as</span> <span class="variable">$value</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="variable">$value</span> .<span class="string">'&lt;br /&gt;'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>上面的代码就使用了array_walk()函数的第三个参数，乘法因子，可以不用在自定义函数的固定，可以根据业务逻辑随时更换。需要注意是我们在$value变量之前加了一个&amp;符号，表明传的是变量的引用，于C#中的ref或out类似。</p>
<h2 id="统计数组元素个数：count(),sizeof()和array_count_values()">统计数组元素个数：count(),sizeof()和array_count_values()</h2><p>count()和sizeof()函数都可以计算数组元素中的元素个数，如果数组为空数组或没有经过初始化的变量，都返回0；<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable">$numbers</span> = range(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">10</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> count(<span class="variable">$numbers</span>); <span class="comment">//sizeof($numbers)</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>array_count_values()函数，返回数组中每一个元素，出现的频率数的一个相关数组。如下：<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable">$numbers</span> = <span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">8</span>,<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">0</span>,<span class="number">4</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable">$ac</span> = array_count_values(<span class="variable">$numbers</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">while</span>(<span class="keyword">list</span>(<span class="variable">$key</span>,<span class="variable">$value</span>) = each(<span class="variable">$ac</span>))&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="variable">$key</span>.<span class="string">'--'</span>.<span class="variable">$value</span>.<span class="string">'&lt;br /&gt;'</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出如下：<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">5</span>--<span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span>--<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">8</span>--<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">3</span>--<span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">0</span>--<span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">4</span>--<span class="number">1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="将数组转换成标量变量：extract()">将数组转换成标量变量：extract()</h2><p>extract()函数的作用是将一个数组转换成一系列的标量变量，这些变量的名称必须是数组中的Key，而变量值则是数组中的值。如下：<br><figure class="highlight php"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable">$phones</span> = <span class="keyword">array</span>(<span class="string">'name'</span> =&gt; <span class="string">'xiaomi'</span>,<span class="string">'price'</span>=&gt;<span class="number">1999</span>,<span class="string">'os'</span> =&gt; <span class="string">'android'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">extract(<span class="variable">$phones</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">echo</span> <span class="string">"$name =&gt; $price =&gt; $os"</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>

      
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        <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#数字索引数组"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">数字索引数组</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#使用不同索引的数组"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用不同索引的数组</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#数组操作符"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">数组操作符</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#多维数组"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">多维数组</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#排序"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">排序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#多维数组排序"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">多维数组排序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#bool_shuffle_(_array_&$array_)随机顺序"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">bool shuffle ( array &$array )随机顺序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#数组逆序"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">数组逆序</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#按定界符分割字符串"><span class="toc-number">9.</span> <span class="toc-text">按定界符分割字符串</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#在数组中浏览：each()，current()，reset()，end()，next()，pos()和prev()"><span class="toc-number">10.</span> <span class="toc-text">在数组中浏览：each()，current()，reset()，end()，next()，pos()和prev()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#对数组的每一个元素应用任何函数：array_walk()"><span class="toc-number">11.</span> <span class="toc-text">对数组的每一个元素应用任何函数：array_walk()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#统计数组元素个数：count(),sizeof()和array_count_values()"><span class="toc-number">12.</span> <span class="toc-text">统计数组元素个数：count(),sizeof()和array_count_values()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#将数组转换成标量变量：extract()"><span class="toc-number">13.</span> <span class="toc-text">将数组转换成标量变量：extract()</span></a></li></ol>
    
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